For What It's Worth, Part 2: After Emancipation

Content warning: massacres, police shootings, torture and sexual violence. Take care of yourself.

Slavery ended on paper. Then what?

On August 1, 1834, about 300 people walked up to Government House in Port of Spain, Trinidad, to ask one question. They'd been told they were free, then told they were "apprentices" for six more years.

They chanted, "Pas de six ans. Nous sommes libres." The colony answered with cavalry and floggings.

Part 2 follows the people who were freed: what they were promised, what they got, what was taken, and what's owed. Every law gets a name and a party.

Trinidad's 340-acre rule. Morant Bay.

Forty acres taken back. Suriname.

Haiti paying France until 1947. Indenture.

The scramble for Africa. Convict leasing.

Tulsa. Africville.

And a Canadian study from this month: Black mothers face 66% higher odds of severe complications in childbirth, and money didn't protect them. Then the numbers.

Some people sued and won. Nobody has been made whole.

And who sues next. WHERE TO START (not legal advice) Human Rights Legal Support Centre (free): 1-866-625-5179, hrlsc.on.ca Black Legal Action Centre (free, Black Ontarians, low income): 1-877-736-9406, intake@blac.clcj.ca Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario: 1 year from the last incident.

Most lawsuits: 2 years. Toronto carding class action (stopped and recorded since Dec 2011): cardingtoronto@mccarthy.ca, 1-877-244-7711 ext. 542300 Black Class Action (federal public service): blackclassaction.ca KEY SOURCES Trinidad 1834: Suriname 1863: Mississippi Black Code: Morant Bay: Haiti: Indenture funding: api.

Convict leasing: Black farmland: Redlining: Canada's racial covenants: historyofrights.ca/encyclopaedia/main-events/restrictive-covenants Tulsa: justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-announces-results-review-and-evaluation-tulsa-race-massacre Africville: Childbirth study: cmaj.ca/content/198/34/E1317 What's owed (Brattle): Pigford: Evanston and the DOJ: justice.gov/opa/pr/us-justice-department-moves-intervene-race-discrimination-lawsuit-challenging-reparations Carding class action: mccarthy.ca/en/experience/ontario-superior-court-greenlights-landmark-class-action-against-toronto-police-over-carding-of-black-and-indigenous-residents Prison pay: oci-bec.gc.ca/en/content/backgrounder-2022-2023-annual-report-office-correctional-investigator-2022-2023 CARICOM revised plan: Jamaica's petition: UN vote: digitallibrary. Views are Casey's own, not her employer's.

Real Ones and Robots. For what it's worth.